No Gem Variety Image Transparency Colour Streak Polariscope Result General Identification Mineral Classification Sillicate Group Silicate Structural Category Chemical Formula Chemical Composition Refractive Index DR (Birefringence) S.G.  Hardness H-Category Crystal System Crystal Class Crystal Habit Crystal Form Axis of Symmetry Center of Symmetry Luster Cleavage Fracture Luminescence Magnetic Properties Radioactivity Optical Character Optical Sign Pleochroism Fluorescence Spectrum (nm) Special Optical Effects Typical Inclusions Occurrence (Countries / Regions including Sri Lanka)
1 Axinite
Axinite Gemstone Information - GemSelect
Transparent–Translucent BrR,YBr,G White Anisotropic Wedge-shaped brown-violet mineral Borate Borate Non-silicate mineral (Ca,Fe,Mn)3Al2BO3Si4O12OH Calcium iron manganese aluminium borosilicate 1.678–1.688 0.010–0.014 3.27–3.29 6.5–7 Medium Triclinic Triclinic Wedge-shaped Wedge 1 Yes Vitreous Distinct Conchoidal to uneven Variable Weak None Biaxial Biaxial (-) Strong Variable — None Crystals, feathers France, Pakistan, Russia, USA, Sri Lanka
2 Kornerupine
Kornerupine Gem Guide and Properties Chart
Transparent–Translucent Cl,YG,G,B,Br White Anisotropic Strongly pleochroic green-brown gem Borate Borate Non-silicate mineral (Mg,Fe)4Al6(Si,Al,B)5O21(OH) Magnesium aluminium borosilicate 1.665–1.680 0.013 3.2–3.4 6.5–7 Medium Orthorhombic Orthorhombic Prismatic Prismatic 3 Yes Vitreous Distinct Uneven Variable Weak in Fe-rich None Biaxial Biaxial (+/-) Strong Variable — Cat's-eye rare Needles, crystals Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Tanzania, Myanmar, Kenya
3 Sinhalite
Natural Sinhalite from Sri Lanka - Danu Group
Transparent Ybr,GBr,B,Bl White Anisotropic Brown-yellow Sri Lankan gem Borate Borate Non-silicate mineral MgAlBO4 Magnesium aluminium borate 1.668–1.707 0.036–0.042 3.45–3.50 6.5–7 Medium Orthorhombic Orthorhombic Granular / wedge-like Prismatic 3 Yes Vitreous Poor Conchoidal Variable None None Biaxial Biaxial (+) Weak Variable — Cat's-eye rare Crystals, feathers Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Madagascar
4 Azurite
Azurite Tumbled Stone - Grade AAA | New Moon Beginnings
Translucent B Blue Anisotropic Deep blue copper mineral Carbonate Carbonate Non-silicate mineral Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 Copper carbonate hydroxide 1.730–1.838 0.050–0.080 3.8 3.5–4 Soft Monoclinic Monoclinic Prismatic / massive Prismatic 1 Yes Vitreous Good Conchoidal to uneven Usually inert None None Biaxial Biaxial (+) Weak Variable 436 None Fibrous inclusions Morocco, Namibia, USA, Australia, Mexico; Sri Lanka (minor)
5 Malachite
Malachite | Ancient Green Copper with Swirls, Lore & Legacy – Rock Your World
Opaque G Green Anisotropic Green banded copper mineral Carbonate Carbonate Non-silicate mineral Cu2CO3(OH)2 Copper carbonate hydroxide 1.655–1.910 0.250–0.255 3.9–4.0 3.5–4 Soft Monoclinic Monoclinic Botryoidal / fibrous / massive Massive 1 Yes Silky Perfect in one direction Splintery / uneven Usually inert None None Biaxial Biaxial (-) Weak Variable 437 None Fibrous banding DR Congo, Zambia, Russia, Namibia, Australia; Sri Lanka (minor)
6 Fluorite
Where is the Best Place to Find Fluorite? - Find Gemstone,Rainbow Fluorite Stone Polished Rainbow Fluorite Slab - Pikes Peak Rock Shop Rainbow Crystal Necklace
Transparent V, G, B, Y, Cl, P White Isotropic Soft mineral with perfect cleavage Halide Halide Non-silicate mineral CaF2 Calcium fluoride 1.434 None 3.18 4 Soft Cubic Isometric Cubic / octahedral Cube 4 Yes Vitreous Perfect octahedral Subconchoidal Common None None Isotropic None None Often strong — Fluorescence, color zoning Color zoning, fluid inclusions China, Mexico, UK, Spain, South Africa; Sri Lanka
7 Copper
Copper - Wikipedia
Opaque Br Copper Isotropic Copper-red malleable metal Native Element Native Element Non-silicate mineral Cu Copper Opaque Not measurable 8.9 2.5–3 Soft Cubic Isometric Massive / wire / dendritic Irregular 4 Yes Metallic None Hackly None None None Isotropic None None None — None Native copper masses USA, Chile, Russia, DR Congo; Sri Lanka
8 Diamond
A Synthetic Moissanite Presented as Natural Diamond Rough
Transparent Cl, Y, Br, B, G, P, Bl White Isotropic Extreme hardness and adamantine luster Native Element Native Element Non-silicate mineral C Carbon 2.417 None 3.52 10 10 Cubic Isometric Octahedral / cubic Octahedron 4 Yes Adamantine Perfect octahedral Conchoidal to uneven Often luminescent None None Isotropic None None Variable, often blue — None Pinpoints, crystals, feathers Botswana, Russia, Canada, South Africa, Angola, Australia, India; Sri Lanka (alluvial minor)
9 Gold
The 5 Biggest Gold Nuggets In The World | BullionByPost
Opaque Y Yellow Isotropic Very heavy yellow metal Native Element Native Element Non-silicate mineral Au Gold Opaque Not measurable 19.3 2.5–3 Soft Cubic Isometric Massive / nugget / dendritic Irregular 4 Yes Metallic None Hackly None None None Isotropic None None None — None Native metallic grains Worldwide including Sri Lanka
10 Amber
What Color is Amber: Timeless Gemstone of the Baltic Sea - Baltic Proud
Transparent–Translucent O,Y,B White Isotropic Very light warm resin Organic Organic Organic material Organic resin Fossilized organic resin 1.540 None 1.05–1.10 2–2.5 Soft Amorphous Amorphous Massive / nodular Amorphous — No Resinous None Conchoidal Often fluorescent None None Isotropic None None Blue/green in some UV — Electrostatic effect Insects, bubbles Baltic region, Dominican Republic, Myanmar, Mexico; Sri Lanka (not major)
11 Alexandrite
Alexandrite,Alexandrite,Alexandrite Gem Guide and Properties Chart,Alexandrite - what is it?
Transparent Green to Red White Anisotropic Green daylight / red incandescent Oxide Oxide Non-silicate mineral BeAl2O4 Chromium-bearing chrysoberyl 1.746–1.755 0.007–0.011 3.7 8.5 Hard–very hard Orthorhombic Orthorhombic Short prismatic Prismatic 3 Yes Vitreous Poor Conchoidal to uneven Variable None None Biaxial Biaxial (+) Weak Variable 444, 470, 680 Color change, cat's-eye Rutile needles, crystals Russia, Brazil, Sri Lanka, India, Tanzania
12 Chrysoberyl
Chrysoberyl: Exotic and Expensive Gemstone – Geology In
Transparent Y, G, Br White Anisotropic Very hard gem; cat's-eye possible Oxide Oxide Non-silicate mineral BeAl2O4 Beryllium aluminium oxide 1.746–1.755 0.008–0.010 3.7 8.5 Hard–very hard Orthorhombic Orthorhombic Short prismatic / tabular Prismatic 3 Yes Vitreous Poor Conchoidal to uneven Variable None None Biaxial Biaxial (+) Weak Usually none 444, 470 Cat's-eye Parallel tubes, crystals Sri Lanka, Brazil, India, Madagascar, Tanzania
13 Hematite
Hematite: Formation, Properties, Optical Features & Varieties,Hematite: mineral characteristics, properties, uses
Opaque Bl,Gr,Br Red-brown Aggregate/opaque Red streak diagnostic Oxide Oxide Non-silicate mineral Fe2O3 Iron oxide Opaque Not measurable 5.2–5.3 5–6 Medium Trigonal Trigonal Massive / tabular Tabular 3 No Metallic to earthy None Uneven None Weak to none None Opaque None None None — Specular effect Platelets Brazil, Australia, South Africa, India, Sri Lanka
14 Ruby
How to Choose a Quality Ruby | Beldiamond
Transparent Red White Anisotropic Red corundum Oxide Oxide Non-silicate mineral Al2O3 Chromium-bearing corundum 1.762–1.770 0.008 4.0 9 Hard–very hard Trigonal Trigonal Barrel / prismatic Trigonal prism 3 No Adamantine None / parting Conchoidal to uneven Variable None None Uniaxial Uniaxial (-) Strong red Variable 693, 694 Asterism Rutile silk Myanmar, Sri Lanka, Mozambique, Thailand, Madagascar, Tanzania
15 Sapphire
Geographic Origin Determination of Blue Sapphire | Gems & Gemology | Minerals crystals rocks, Crystals minerals,
Transparent All White Anisotropic Blue corundum Oxide Oxide Non-silicate mineral Al2O3 Blue corundum and other fancy-color corundum 1.762–1.770 0.008–0.010 4.0 9 Hard–very hard Trigonal Trigonal Barrel / prismatic Trigonal prism 3 No Adamantine None / parting Conchoidal to uneven Variable None None Uniaxial Uniaxial (-) Distinct in some colors Variable — Asterism, color change in some Rutile needles Sri Lanka, Kashmir (India), Madagascar, Australia, Thailand, Montana USA
16 Spinel
Spinel Gem Crystal - MUN16-36 - Pein Pyit - Burma Mineral Specimen
Transparent All White Isotropic Single RI/isotropic hard gem Oxide Oxide Non-silicate mineral MgAl2O4 Magnesium aluminium oxide 1.718–1.740 None 3.6 8 Hard–very hard Cubic Isometric Octahedral / granular Octahedral 4 Yes Vitreous None Conchoidal to uneven Variable None None Isotropic None None Variable 675, 685 (red spinel) Star effect rare Octahedral crystals, fingerprints Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Tanzania, Vietnam, Tajikistan
17 Taaffeite
Taaffeite - Wikipedia
Transparent P,V White Anisotropic Very rare mauve gem Oxide Oxide Non-silicate mineral BeMgAl4O8 Beryllium magnesium aluminium oxide 1.718–1.722 0.004 3.60–3.62 8–8.5 Soft Hexagonal Hexagonal Rounded / tabular Tabular 6 No Vitreous Indistinct Conchoidal Variable None None Uniaxial–anomalous / biaxial-like Usually uniaxial (+) Weak Variable — None Liquid feathers Sri Lanka, Tanzania, China
18 Apatite
Apatite: an unknown stone that has yet to become famous
Transparent G, B, Y, V, P, Br, Cl White Anisotropic Usually green, softer than it looks Phosphate Phosphate Non-silicate mineral Ca5(PO4)3(F,Cl,OH) Calcium phosphate with F/Cl/OH 1.632–1.646 0.002–0.004 3.2 5 Medium Hexagonal Hexagonal Prismatic Hexagonal prism 6 Yes Vitreous Poor to indistinct Conchoidal to uneven Variable None None Uniaxial Uniaxial (-) Weak Variable — Cat's-eye rare Needle inclusions Brazil, Mexico, Madagascar, Sri Lanka, Myanmar
19 Turquoise
3-5cm 100g Natural Turquoise Mineral Crystal Stone Natural Untreated Blue Rough Loose Turquoise Gemstone : Amazon.de: Health & Personal Care
Opaque B, G, BG White Aggregate Blue-green opaque waxy stone Phosphate Phosphate Non-silicate mineral CuAl6(PO4)4(OH)8·4H2O Hydrated copper aluminium phosphate 1.610–1.650 None 2.6–2.9 5–6 Medium Triclinic Triclinic Massive / nodular Massive 1 Yes Waxy Poor Subconchoidal / uneven Usually inert None None Aggregate Aggregate / N/A None Weak to variable 432 None Host-rock matrix, veins Iran, USA, China, Egypt, Tibet; Sri Lanka (not major)
20 Aquamarine
Rough to Cut Aquamarine: What are the Numbers? - YouTube
Transparent B White Anisotropic Pale blue beryl Silicate Cyclosilicate Ring silicate Be3Al2Si6O18 Blue beryl 1.570–1.586 0.006–0.007 2.68–2.74 7.5–8 Hard–very hard Hexagonal Hexagonal Hexagonal prismatic Hexagonal prism 6 Yes Vitreous Indistinct Conchoidal Usually weak None None Uniaxial Uniaxial (-) Weak blue Variable — Cat's-eye rare Liquid inclusions, tubes Brazil, Pakistan, Madagascar, Nigeria, Sri Lanka
21 Benitoite
Benitoite Gemstone: Properties, Meanings, Value & Mines
Transparent B,V,Cl White Anisotropic Bright blue high-dispersion gem Silicate Cyclosilicate Ring silicate BaTiSi3O9 Barium titanium silicate 1.757–1.804 0.047 3.65 6–6.5 Medium Hexagonal Hexagonal Tabular / triangular Trigonal dipyramid 6 No Vitreous Poor Conchoidal Strong blue UV None None Uniaxial Uniaxial (+) Weak Strong blue — Fluorescence Needles, feathers California (USA); Sri Lanka (not major)
22 Beryl
Exploring Beryl: Properties, Processing Method, and Uses | Fote Machinery
Transparent G, B, Y, P, Cl White Anisotropic Hexagonal crystals; beryl family Silicate Cyclosilicate Ring silicate Be3Al2Si6O18 Beryllium aluminium silicate 1.580–1.600 0.008–0.009 2.7 7.5–8 Hard–very hard Hexagonal Hexagonal Hexagonal prismatic Hexagonal prism 6 Yes Vitreous Indistinct Conchoidal to uneven Usually weak None None Uniaxial Uniaxial (-) Weak to distinct Variable 683, 637 (emerald type) Cat's-eye rare Two-phase inclusions, hollow tubes Brazil, Colombia, Zambia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Madagascar; Sri Lanka
23 Cordierite
Cordierite | Metamorphic, Ceramic, Porcelain | Britannica
Transparent B, V, Gr, Y, Cl White Anisotropic Strong dichroism/iolite-like Silicate Cyclosilicate Ring silicate (Mg,Fe)2Al4Si5O18 Magnesium iron aluminium silicate 1.522–1.578 0.008–0.012 2.6 7–7.5 Hard–very hard Orthorhombic Orthorhombic Short prismatic / granular Prismatic 3 Yes Vitreous Poor Uneven Usually inert None None Biaxial Biaxial (-) Strong blue-violet/yellow Usually none — Pleochroism Needles, crystals Sri Lanka, India, Madagascar, Tanzania, Myanmar
24 Emerald
All About Emerald: May's Birthstone | Gemstones.com
Transparent Green White Anisotropic Rich green beryl Silicate Cyclosilicate Ring silicate Be3Al2Si6O18 Chromium/vanadium-bearing beryl 1.577–1.583 0.006–0.007 2.67–2.78 7.5–8 Hard–very hard Hexagonal Hexagonal Hexagonal prismatic Hexagonal prism 6 Yes Vitreous Indistinct Conchoidal Variable None None Uniaxial Uniaxial (-) Distinct Variable red 637, 683 Cat's-eye rare Three-phase inclusions Colombia, Brazil, Zambia, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Ethiopia; Sri Lanka
25 Iolite
Buy Astro Cart Iolite Loose Gemstone 10 Ratti नीली रत्न Neeli Ratan 9 Carat Oval Shape Nili Stone 10 Ratti Dark Color Kaka Neeli Gemstone Original Certified For Iolite Stone Bracelet at Amazon.in
Transparent Cl,B,Br,V White Anisotropic Blue stone with obvious dichroism Silicate Cyclosilicate Ring silicate (Mg,Fe)2Al4Si5O18 Gem cordierite 1.532–1.542 0.008–0.012 2.58–2.66 7–7.5 Hard–very hard Orthorhombic Orthorhombic Short prismatic Prismatic 3 Yes Vitreous Poor Uneven Usually inert None None Biaxial Biaxial (-) Strong Usually none — Pleochroism Needles, crystals Sri Lanka, India, Madagascar, Tanzania, Myanmar
26 Morganite
Morganite Gemstone: Properties, Meanings, Value & More
Transparent P,Orangish Pink White Anisotropic Pink variety of beryl Silicate Cyclosilicate Ring silicate Be3Al2Si6O18 Pink beryl 1.577–1.583 0.006–0.008 2.71–2.90 7.5–8 Hard–very hard Hexagonal Hexagonal Hexagonal prismatic Hexagonal prism 6 Yes Vitreous Indistinct Conchoidal Variable None None Uniaxial Uniaxial (-) Weak pink Variable — Cat's-eye rare Liquid inclusions, tubes Brazil, Madagascar, Afghanistan, Mozambique, Nigeria
27 Sugilite
Sugilite: Gemstone, Properties, Uses – Geology In
Opaque–Translucent V,P,Cl,Bl,Gr,Br White Aggregate/anisotropic Strong purple ornamental gem Silicate Cyclosilicate Ring silicate KNa2(Fe,Mn,Al)2Li3Si12O30 Complex lithium potassium sodium silicate 1.607–1.647 0.040 2.74–2.80 5.5–6.5 Medium Hexagonal Hexagonal Massive Massive 6 Yes Vitreous Poor Conchoidal to uneven Variable None None Uniaxial Uniaxial (-) Weak Variable — None Manganese/iron mottling South Africa, Japan, India, Canada; Sri Lanka
28 Tourmaline
Tourmaline - Wikipedia
Transparent Bl, G, P, Vr, B, Y, Cl White Anisotropic Striated crystals; strong pleochroism Silicate Cyclosilicate Ring silicate Complex borosilicate Complex boron aluminium silicate 1.621–1.642 0.014–0.022 3.0–3.2 7–7.5 Hard–very hard Trigonal Trigonal Long striated prisms Trigonal prism 3 No Vitreous Poor Uneven to conchoidal Variable Weak to variable None Uniaxial Uniaxial (-) Strong Variable 458, 498 Cat's-eye Growth tubes, liquid inclusions Sri Lanka, Brazil, Afghanistan, Nigeria, Mozambique, Madagascar
29 Actinolite
https://liveplatforms-production.b-cdn.net/tenants/gr/uploads/content/tptvui2ial7oyhrt.jpg
Translucent Gr,B,G,Br,W White Anisotropic Green fibrous amphibole Silicate Inosilicate Chain silicate Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2 Calcium magnesium iron amphibole 1.600–1.720 0.020–0.030 3.0–3.2 5–6 Medium Monoclinic Monoclinic Fibrous / bladed Prismatic 1 Yes Vitreous to silky Two directions Splintery Usually inert Weak if Fe-rich None Biaxial Biaxial (-) Weak Usually none — Cat's-eye (fibrous) Fibres, needles Canada, Pakistan, Italy, Switzerland, Sri Lanka
30 Diopside
Amazon.com: Diopside cluster druzy Raw Natural Rough Crystal Healing Gemstone Collectible Display Specimen Stone : Health & Household
Transparent G, Bl, Cl White Anisotropic Green pyroxene with cleavage Silicate Inosilicate Chain silicate CaMgSi2O6 Calcium magnesium silicate 1.675–1.701 0.024–0.030 3.2 5.5–6 Medium Monoclinic Monoclinic Prismatic Prismatic 1 Yes Vitreous Two directions distinct Uneven Variable None None Biaxial Biaxial (+) Weak to moderate Variable 505 Cat's-eye rare Crystals, needles Sri Lanka, Madagascar, Italy, Pakistan, Russia
31 Enstatite
Enstatite - Encyclopedia,Enstatite Gemstone: Properties, Meanings, Value & More
Transparent–Translucent YG,B,G,Cl White Anisotropic Orthopyroxene; bronzy sheen possible Silicate Inosilicate Chain silicate MgSiO3 Magnesium silicate 1.658–1.673 0.010 3.2–3.3 5–6 Medium Orthorhombic Orthorhombic Prismatic Prismatic 3 Yes Vitreous Two directions good Uneven Usually inert None None Biaxial Biaxial (+) Weak Usually none — Schiller effect in bronzite Needles, crystals Sri Lanka, India, Tanzania, USA, Norway
32 Hypersthene
Black crystal stone Hypersthene meaning, metaphysical properties
Translucent Br, GBr Gray Anisotropic Brown bronzy pyroxene Silicate Inosilicate Chain silicate (Mg,Fe)SiO3 Magnesium iron silicate 1.650–1.700 0.015–0.020 3.4 5–6 Medium Orthorhombic Orthorhombic Prismatic / massive Prismatic 3 Yes Vitreous Two directions good Uneven Usually inert Weak if Fe-rich None Biaxial Biaxial (+/-) Weak Usually none — Schiller sheen Crystal inclusions India, Canada, Norway, Sri Lanka
33 Jadeite
Alibaba.com: HQ GEMS HQJD Natural Green Jadeite Loose Gemstone, 10x14mm Oval Cut from Burma with waxing treatment : Explore customizable options for jewelry and fashion applications.
Translucent G,W,Y,O,Br,V,Bl,Gr White Aggregate Tough jade aggregate Silicate Inosilicate Chain silicate NaAlSi2O6 Sodium aluminium pyroxene 1.654–1.667 0.012–0.014 3.3–3.5 6.5–7 Medium Monoclinic Monoclinic Granular / fibrous Massive 1 Yes Vitreous Good in two directions Splintery Usually inert None None Biaxial Biaxial (+) None to weak Variable — None Granular texture Myanmar, Guatemala, Japan, Kazakhstan; Sri Lanka (rare)
34 Larimar
Larimar Healing Properties and Meaning
Opaque–Translucent Sky Blue, White White Aggregate Sky-blue pectolite Silicate Inosilicate Chain silicate NaCa2Si3O8(OH) Blue pectolite 1.610–1.620 None 2.7–2.9 4.5–5 Soft Triclinic Triclinic Fibrous / massive Massive 1 Yes Silky to vitreous Perfect Uneven Variable None None Biaxial Biaxial (+/-) None Variable — None Fibrous structure Dominican Republic
35 Nephrite
Jade vs. Jadeite | Gemstones.com
Translucent G,W,Y,Bl,Br White Aggregate Very tough jade Silicate Inosilicate Chain silicate Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2 Calcium magnesium iron amphibole aggregate 1.600–1.640 0.020–0.025 2.9–3.1 6–6.5 Medium Monoclinic Monoclinic Fibrous / felted Massive 1 Yes Greasy to silky Two directions in fibers Splintery Usually inert None None Biaxial Biaxial (-) None Variable — Cat's-eye rare Fibrous texture China, New Zealand, Canada, Russia; Sri Lanka (rare)
36 Rhodonite
Rhodonite Gem Guide and Properties Chart
Translucent P, Br White Anisotropic Pink stone often with black veins Silicate Inosilicate Chain silicate MnSiO3 Manganese silicate 1.710–1.735 0.010–0.013 3.6 5.5–6.5 Medium Triclinic Triclinic Massive / tabular Tabular 1 Yes Vitreous Perfect in one direction Uneven Variable None None Biaxial Biaxial (+) Weak Variable 545 None Manganese oxide veins Australia, Russia, Sweden, Peru; Sri Lanka
37 Spodumene
Etched Spodumene Crystal, Purple Spodumene Crystal, Healing Spodumene, Spodumene for Collection ~ 66 Gram - Etsy
Transparent Cl,P,G,B,V White Anisotropic Long prismatic lithium gem Silicate Inosilicate Chain silicate LiAlSi2O6 Lithium aluminium pyroxene 1.660–1.676 0.015 3.1–3.2 6.5–7 Medium Monoclinic Monoclinic Prismatic Prismatic 1 Yes Vitreous Perfect in two directions Uneven Variable None None Biaxial Biaxial (+) Strong in kunzite Variable — Color change minor, pleochroism Tubes, liquid inclusions Afghanistan, Brazil, Madagascar, USA, Pakistan
38 Almandine
Learning Geology: Almandine
Transparent–Translucent Red, RV White Isotropic Dark red garnet Silicate Nesosilicate Independent tetrahedra Fe3Al2(SiO4)3 Iron aluminium garnet 1.760-1.790 None 4.1–4.3 7–7.5 Hard–very hard Cubic Isometric Dodecahedral Dodecahedron 4 Yes Vitreous None Conchoidal to uneven Usually inert Weak in some None Isotropic None None Variable 505, 520, 573 Star rare Crystals, needles Sri Lanka, India, Madagascar, Brazil, USA
39 Andalusite
What is Andalusite? What is Chiastolite?
Transparent Br, G, Y, Gr White Anisotropic Brown-green pleochroic gem Silicate Nesosilicate Independent tetrahedra Al2SiO5 Aluminium silicate 1.634-1.648 0.007-0.013 3.2 7.5 Hard–very hard Orthorhombic Orthorhombic Prismatic Prismatic 3 Yes Vitreous Poor Uneven Usually inert None None Biaxial Biaxial (-) Strong Usually none — Strong pleochroism Carbonaceous inclusions Brazil, Sri Lanka, Spain, Australia, Russia
40 Garnet
Garnet: Colors and Types of Garnet – Geology In
Transparent Vr, O, Y, G, V, Br White Isotropic No cleavage, often rounded crystals Silicate Nesosilicate Independent tetrahedra X3Y2(SiO4)3 Complex calcium/magnesium/iron/manganese/aluminium silicate 1.730–1.810 None 3.5–4.3 6.5–7.5 Medium Cubic Isometric Dodecahedral / trapezohedral Dodecahedron 4 Yes Vitreous None Conchoidal to uneven Usually inert Variable None Isotropic None None Variable 505, 520, 573 Star very rare Crystals, needles Sri Lanka, India, Madagascar, Tanzania, Kenya, USA
41 Kyanite
Kyanite Gemstone Information: Properties, Origins & More
Transparent B, G, Cl, Gr, Bl White Anisotropic Blue blades; hardness varies by direction Silicate Nesosilicate Independent tetrahedra Al2SiO5 Aluminium silicate 1.715–1.732 0.015 3.6 4–7 Variable Triclinic Triclinic Bladed Bladed 1 Yes Vitreous Perfect in one direction Uneven to splintery Usually inert None None Biaxial Biaxial (-) Moderate Usually none — Cat's-eye rare Needles, cleavage planes Nepal, India, Brazil, Kenya, Sri Lanka
42 Olivine (Peridot)
Peridot olivine: The green gemstone peridot information and pictures
Transparent YG, G, BrG White Anisotropic Olive-green transparent gem Silicate Nesosilicate Independent tetrahedra (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 Magnesium iron silicate 1.654–1.690 0.036 3.3–4.4 6.5–7 Medium Orthorhombic Orthorhombic Granular / short prismatic Prismatic 3 Yes Vitreous Poor Conchoidal Usually inert Weak to none None Biaxial Biaxial (+) Weak yellow-green None to weak 473, 493 None Lily-pad fractures, crystals Pakistan, Myanmar, China, USA, Egypt; Sri Lanka (minor)
43 Phenakite
5.59 g. Nigerian Okuta-Didan Phenakite Crystal– Sanctuary of Stones
Transparent Cl,Y,P,B White Anisotropic Colorless high-hardness gem Silicate Nesosilicate Independent tetrahedra Be2SiO4 Beryllium silicate 1.654–1.670 0.016 2.96–3.00 7.5–8 Hard–very hard Trigonal Trigonal Rhombohedral Rhombohedron 3 No Vitreous Indistinct Conchoidal Variable None None Uniaxial Uniaxial (+) None Variable — None Liquid inclusions Brazil, Russia, Madagascar, Myanmar, Sri Lanka
44 Sillimanite
Sillimanite Gem: Info on Properties, Meanings & Prices
Translucent Cl, Y, G, Br White Anisotropic Fibrous/prismatic brown mineral Silicate Nesosilicate Independent tetrahedra Al2SiO5 Aluminium silicate 1.659–1.680 0.014–0.021 3.2 6.5–7.5 Medium Orthorhombic Orthorhombic Fibrous / prismatic Prismatic 3 Yes Vitreous Poor Splintery to uneven Usually inert None None Biaxial Biaxial (+) Weak Usually none — Cat's-eye (fibrous) Fibrous inclusions Sri Lanka, India, Myanmar, USA
45 Sphene (Titanite)
Sphene (Titanite) - National Gem Lab
Transparent Y,B,G White Anisotropic Fire and wedge shape Silicate Nesosilicate Independent tetrahedra CaTiSiO5 Calcium titanium silicate 1.900–2.034 0.100–0.135 3.4–3.6 5–5.5 Soft Monoclinic Monoclinic Wedge-shaped Wedge 1 Yes Adamantine Distinct Conchoidal to uneven Variable None None Biaxial Biaxial (+) Strong Variable — Very high dispersion Needles, crystals Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Madagascar, Brazil, Russia
46 Topaz
Topaz | Description & Distribution | Britannica
Transparent Cl, B, Y, Br, P, O White Anisotropic Hard gem with perfect cleavage Silicate Nesosilicate Independent tetrahedra Al2SiO4(F,OH)2 Aluminium fluorosilicate hydroxide 1.610–1.628 0.008–0.010 3.4–3.6 8 Hard–very hard Orthorhombic Orthorhombic Prismatic Prismatic 3 Yes Vitreous Perfect basal Subconchoidal to uneven Variable None None Biaxial Biaxial (+) Usually weak Variable — Cat's-eye rare Two-phase inclusions, feathers Brazil, Pakistan, Russia, Nigeria, Sri Lanka, Afghanistan
47 Zircon
Zircon Ore Gravity Separation Process - Xinhai
Transparent Cl, B, Y, Br, G White Anisotropic Very high RI and fire Silicate Nesosilicate Independent tetrahedra ZrSiO4 Zirconium silicate 1.810–1.984 0.002-0.059 4.6–4.7 7.5 Hard–very hard Tetragonal Tetragonal Prismatic / dipyramidal Tetragonal prism 4 Yes Adamantine Indistinct Conchoidal to uneven Variable None Weak in some stones Uniaxial Uniaxial (+) Weak Variable — None Halos, crystals Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Myanmar, Australia, Tanzania
48 Danburite
Danburite - Wikipedia
Transparent Cl,Y,Br,P White Anisotropic Colorless transparent gem Silicate Sorosilicate Double tetrahedra CaB2(SiO4)2 Calcium borosilicate 1.630–1.636 0.006 3.0 7–7.5 Hard–very hard Orthorhombic Orthorhombic Prismatic Prismatic 3 Yes Vitreous Distinct Uneven to conchoidal Variable None None Biaxial Biaxial (+) Weak Variable — Cat's-eye rare Liquid inclusions, feathers Mexico, Myanmar, Japan, Madagascar, Sri Lanka
49 Epidote
Epidote: Properties, Occurrence, Uses – Geology In
Transparent–Translucent YG, BrG Gray Anisotropic Pistachio-green crystals Silicate Sorosilicate Double tetrahedra Ca2(Al,Fe)3(SiO4)3(OH) Calcium aluminium iron sorosilicate hydroxide 1.736–1.770 0.034 3.3–3.5 6–7 Medium Monoclinic Monoclinic Prismatic Prismatic 1 Yes Vitreous Perfect in one direction Uneven Usually inert Weak if Fe-rich None Biaxial Biaxial (-) Strong green-yellow Usually none 530, 560 None Needles, crystals Austria, Pakistan, Norway, USA; Sri Lanka (rare)
50 Tanzanite
Tanzanite Gem Guide and Properties Chart
Transparent V,B,G,Br White Anisotropic Blue-violet zoisite Silicate Sorosilicate Double tetrahedra Ca2Al3(SiO4)3(OH) Blue-violet zoisite 1.692–1.700 0.008 3.35 6–7 Medium Orthorhombic Orthorhombic Prismatic Prismatic 3 Yes Vitreous Perfect in one direction Uneven Variable None None Biaxial Biaxial (+) Strong trichroism Variable — Pleochroism Fluid inclusions Tanzania; Sri Lanka (marketed, not source)
51 Agate
Agate: Properties, Facts and Photos
Translucent Br,Gr,B White Aggregate Banded chalcedony Silicate Tectosilicate Framework silicate SiO2 Silica 1.530–1.540 None 2.6 6.5–7 Medium Cryptocrystalline aggregate Cryptocrystalline Banded massive Compact — No Waxy None Conchoidal Usually inert None None Aggregate Aggregate / N/A None Variable — Banding Banding, fluid inclusions Brazil, India, Uruguay, Madagascar, Sri Lanka
52 Chert
Ferruginous chert ("jasper") | Ferruginous chert ("jasper") … | Flickr
Opaque W, Gr, Br, Bl, Y White Aggregate Gray opaque silica Silicate Tectosilicate Framework silicate SiO2 Silica 1.535–1.540 None 2.6 7 Hard–very hard Cryptocrystalline aggregate Cryptocrystalline Massive Compact — No Dull None Conchoidal Usually inert None None Aggregate Aggregate / N/A None Usually none — None Microcrystalline quartz grains Worldwide including Sri Lanka
53 Ekanite
The Shape of Ekanite
Transparent–Translucent Brownish Green White Anisotropic Rare radioactive gem mineral Silicate Tectosilicate Framework silicate Ca2ThSi8O20 Calcium thorium silicate 1.597 None 3.28–3.32 5.5–6.5 Medium Tetragonal Tetragonal Massive / prismatic Prismatic 4 Yes Greasy to vitreous Indistinct Conchoidal Variable None Radioactive Uniaxial Uniaxial (+) Weak Variable — None Metamict zones Sri Lanka (type locality), Tanzania, Madagascar
54 Feldspar
Difference Between Quartz, Mica, and Feldspar: Properties, Uses, and Key Comparisons - Wuhan Auki Trading Co.,Ltd
Translucent W, Gr, P, G, B, Br, Cl White Anisotropic Good cleavage, common rock-former Silicate Tectosilicate Framework silicate KAlSi3O8 etc. Potassium/sodium/calcium aluminium silicate 1.518–1.526 0.008 2.55–2.76 6 Medium Monoclinic/Triclinic Monoclinic / Triclinic Tabular / blocky Tabular 2 or 1 Yes Vitreous Two directions perfect Uneven Variable None None Biaxial Biaxial (+/-) Usually weak Variable — Adularescence in moonstone, aventurescence in sunstone Exsolution lamellae Sri Lanka, India, Madagascar, USA, Norway
55 Flint
Flint - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Opaque Gr, Bl, Br White Aggregate Dark opaque silica Silicate Tectosilicate Framework silicate SiO2 Silica 1.530–1.540 None 2.6 7 Hard–very hard Cryptocrystalline aggregate Cryptocrystalline Massive Compact — No Waxy None Conchoidal Usually inert None None Aggregate Aggregate / N/A None Usually none — None Micro quartz grains Worldwide including Sri Lanka
56 Jasper
The Healing Power of Jasper Stone | Whaler's Locker
Opaque Br, G, Y White Aggregate Opaque patterned quartz Silicate Tectosilicate Framework silicate SiO2 Silica 1.530–1.540 None 2.6 6.5–7 Medium Microcrystalline aggregate Microcrystalline Massive Compact — No Dull None Conchoidal to uneven Usually inert None None Aggregate Aggregate / N/A None Usually none — None Iron oxide particles Worldwide including Sri Lanka
57 Labradorite
Labradorite : Vertus et Propriétés d'une Pierre aux Pouvoirs Magiques – Karmanissa : Minéraux, Bijoux et Ésotérisme
Translucent Gr, Bl, B, G White Anisotropic Gray stone with blue/green flash Silicate Tectosilicate Framework silicate (Ca,Na)(Al,Si)4O8 Calcium sodium aluminium silicate 1.560–1.570 0.005–0.006 2.7 6–6.5 Medium Triclinic Triclinic Tabular / blocky Tabular 1 Yes Vitreous Two directions perfect Uneven Variable None None Biaxial Biaxial (+/-) None to weak Variable — Labradorescence Lamellae Canada, Madagascar, Finland, India, Australia; Sri Lanka
58 Lapis Lazuli
Deep Blue Lapis Lazuli with Gold Flecks in Raw Style Stock Illustration - Illustration of energy, designs: 356582878
Opaque B Light blue Aggregate Blue rock with pyrite flecks Silicate Tectosilicate Framework silicate Complex rock (lazurite etc.) Rock composed chiefly of lazurite with calcite/pyrite 1.500–1.510 None 2.7–2.9 5–5.5 Soft Aggregate rock Aggregate Massive Massive — No Dull Poor Uneven Variable None None Aggregate Aggregate / N/A None Weak variable — None Pyrite grains, calcite Afghanistan, Chile, Russia, Pakistan; Sri Lanka (marketed, not major source)
59 Moonstone
Loose Rainbow Moonstone Cabochon Gemstones | NW Gems & Diamonds – NWG
Translucent B,W,O White Anisotropic Soft glow over body color Silicate Tectosilicate Framework silicate KAlSi3O8 Orthoclase/adularia feldspar 1.518–1.526 0.008 2.55–2.62 6–6.5 Medium Monoclinic Monoclinic Tabular / massive Tabular 2 Yes Vitreous Two directions perfect Uneven Variable None None Biaxial Biaxial (+/-) Usually weak Variable — Adularescence Lamellae Sri Lanka, India, Madagascar, Myanmar, Tanzania
60 Quartz
The Evolution of the Quartz Crystal Blank | ECS Inc
Transparent Cl, V, Y, P, Br, Gr, Bl, G, B White Anisotropic Common transparent silica Silicate Tectosilicate Framework silicate SiO2 Silica 1.544–1.553 0.009 2.65 7 Hard–very hard Trigonal Trigonal Hexagonal prism Trigonal/hexagonal prism 3 No Vitreous None Conchoidal Variable None None Uniaxial Uniaxial (+) None to weak Variable — Asterism rare, cat's-eye rare Fluid inclusions, needles Brazil, Madagascar, USA, India, Sri Lanka, worldwide
61 Rhodesite
Rhodizite Gemstone: Properties, Meanings, Value & More
Translucent Cl,W,YW,Y,Gr,G White Aggregate/anisotropic Rare pale zeolitic material Silicate Tectosilicate Framework silicate — Rare zeolite-group name often cited inconsistently 1.520–1.540 0.010–0.020 2.2–2.4 4–5 Soft Monoclinic? Monoclinic? Fibrous / massive Massive 1 Yes Vitreous Perfect to good Uneven Variable None None Biaxial Biaxial Weak Variable — None Fibrous textures Reported from limited localities; verify source-specific identity
62 Scapolite
Scapolite Value, Price, and Jewelry Information - Gem Society - International Gem Society | International Gem Society IGS
Transparent–Translucent Cl,P,Y White Anisotropic Prismatic tetragonal gem Silicate Tectosilicate Framework silicate (Na,Ca)4Al3Si9O24Cl,CO3,SO4 Sodium calcium aluminium silicate with anions 1.544–1.568 0.016 2.57–2.74 5.5–6 Medium Tetragonal Tetragonal Prismatic Tetragonal prism 4 Yes Vitreous Poor Uneven Variable None Weak in some Uniaxial Uniaxial (-/+) Weak Variable — Cat's-eye rare Needles, tubes Sri Lanka, Tanzania, Madagascar, Myanmar, Canada
63 Sodalite
Sodalite: Mineral information, data and localities.
Opaque–Translucent B White Isotropic Royal-blue ornamental stone Silicate Tectosilicate Framework silicate Na8(Al6Si6O24)Cl2 Sodium aluminium chloride silicate 1.483 None 2.14–2.40 5.5–6 Medium Cubic Isometric Massive Massive 4 Yes Vitreous to greasy Poor Uneven Orange fluorescence common None None Isotropic None None Often orange under UV — Hackmanite tenebrescence in some Veins, white calcite Canada, Namibia, Brazil, Greenland, Russia; Sri Lanka
64 Sunstone
Sunstone Gem Guide and Properties Chart
Transparent–Translucent O,R,Y,Br,P White Anisotropic Sparkling feldspar Silicate Tectosilicate Framework silicate (Na,Ca)(Al,Si)4O8 Aventurescent feldspar 1.525–1.547 0.008–0.010 2.62–2.66 6–6.5 Medium Triclinic/Monoclinic Triclinic / Monoclinic Tabular Tabular 1 or 2 Yes Vitreous Two directions perfect Uneven Variable None None Biaxial Biaxial (+/-) Weak Variable — Aventurescence Copper platelets / hematite India, USA (Oregon), Norway, Tanzania, Sri Lanka
65 Pyrite
Pyrite: mineral characteristics, properties, uses
Opaque Y Greenish black Isotropic Brassy cubic crystals Sulfide Sulfide Non-silicate mineral FeS2 Iron sulfide Opaque Not measurable 5.0 6–6.5 Medium Cubic Isometric Cubic / pyritohedral Cube 4 Yes Metallic Poor Uneven to conchoidal None Usually none None Isotropic None None None — None Framboidal texture, mineral grains Spain, Peru, Italy, USA, China; Sri Lanka
66 Opal
The Biggest Secret Of The True Gemstone Opal - Opal Minded
Translucent W, Bl, B, G, O, P White Isotropic Hydrated silica with play-of-color possible     Non-silicate mineraloid SiO2·nH2O Hydrated silica 1.440–1.470 None 2.1 5.5–6.5 Medium Amorphous Amorphous Massive / nodular Amorphous — No Waxy None Conchoidal to uneven Variable None None Isotropic None None Variable — Play-of-color Water inclusions, spheres Australia, Ethiopia, Mexico, Brazil; Sri Lanka